Linking crown structure with tree ring pattern: methodological considerations and proof of concept

Abstract Key message Structural characteristics of tree crowns obtained by TLidar scanning can be used for estimating the course stem diameter growth in past. To improve human well-being through sustainable management ecosystems, particular attention is given to structures, functions, and services forest trees stands. The classical timber provision has become only one many other ecosystem services. At same time, methods observation, analysis, modelling have enormously improved. Here, we fathomed information potential crown structure. Our overarching hypothesis was that structure reflects essential ring pattern. empirical part this study based on sample from combined spacing-thinning trial Norway spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Fürstenfeldbruck 612 Southern Germany. First, showed external internal are functionally linked. Second, derived metrics pattern shape, found especially close relationships between level bending curve size stereometric shape crown. Third, investigated how statistical applied derive We measures such as variability could estimate growth. Finally, revealed link assess past future life expectancy trees. These findings monitor stress defence potential, resistance, resilience